The means of communication in the pa$t..

The communication has always been the crucial part of mankind’s social life. The means of communication has changed according to the changes in people’s living conditions and all other circumstances such as technological developments.



Throughout history, the technology has had a huge impact on the means of communication. In the past, smoke was used as a means of communication from one mountain to another. Needless to say that only a few simple messages could be sent and received with this primitive method of smoke signals.

Carrier pigeon was another means of communication to send messages further away. The pigeons were trained for this two way communication method of letter carrying. The letter, which was replaced with fax and e-mail consecutively, used to be a common means of communication as well. People needed to send their messages further away and faster as the world population increased and started to be globalised. This period has influenced the methods of communication.

Media efect On TEen$

Nearly every adolescent growing up in the United States is subjected to numerous encounters with the media every day. American adolescents on an average watch television for at least two hours a day, and listen to music for about four hours a day. Seventy percent of all CD sales are sold to the adolescent demographic ages 12-20. Teenagers watch more movies then any other age grouping, and more then 4 million adolescent girls have monthly subscriptions to magazines like YM, and Seventeen. After adding internet usages, newspapers, videos, and books, the sum adds up to media being a significant part of the adolescent experience.
Recently there has been a debate on the effects of mass media on the youth of the United States. This refers back to the nurture verses nature theory sociologists have been disputing for years. Does what our children watch, hear or read on television, radio, video games, newspapers, magazines, and the internet really influence their choices and behaviors? Or more importantly are those behaviors learned strictly through the teaching and guidance of parents, teachers, and care givers?
The answer lies here. Adolescence is a time when young people are identifying important aspects of socialization like employment, gender rolls, and the development of morals, values, and beliefs. However it is also a time when family influence and ties become weaker and other outside presences become stronger and more important in the lives of the young. This is a transition stage before the importance of long term employment or marriage has become significant. This conversion allows most adolescence a chance to search for an outside governing source. Most youths look for guidance and mentoring from celebrities they see on TV, pop stars on MTV, politician they read about in the newspaper, or their favorite rap artist.

May 5 is the day of the martyrs of the nation. Main activities, culminating in Tirana, with high paying tribute to the state authorities and politicians of both camps are organisated at the "Graveyard” of the toll.

In a beautiful weather, sunny and wind band sound of the capital, wreaths of flowers were seen, at the monument "Albania Mother." The execution of the national anthem, marked the closing ceremony at Central Cemetery toll to continue the visits, the home of the fallen.

Exercise of English:

1.
Europe is .....a........ continent.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø

2.
.....the......... continent of Africa is bigger than Europe.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
3.
......the........doctors in this hospital have a very good reputation.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
4.
Are you ......a....... doctor?
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
5.
There's .......a...... tree in my garden.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
6.
....the.......... tree in my garden has yellow flowers.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
7.
There are ....... Ø...... trees in my garden.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
8.
......the........trees in my garden have yellow flowers.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
9.
I've never had .......a...... good dinner at that restaurant.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
10.
......the........ last dinner I had there was particularly bad.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
11.
Mount Everest is .....a........ very high mountain.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
12.
Mount Everest is .....the........ highest mountain in the world.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
13.
The earth revolves around .......the...... sun.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
14.
A star is ......a....... distant sun.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
15.
Bob, '....the......... car has broken down again!'
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
16.
Draw ........a..... house.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
17.
Now, draw a tree next to ....the......... house.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
18.
That's .......a...... tall house.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
19.
That's .....the........ tallest house.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø
20.
There are ..... Ø........ people in the house.
1. ? the
2. ? a / an
3. ? Ø

By: Alis

Independence Day

Albania Independence Day: November 28, 2009
Independence Day is a Public Holiday in Albania.
An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation’s assumption of independent statehood. Most countries honor their respective independence day as a national holiday. Proclaiming Albanian independence after 500 years of Ottoman Turkish occupation; in a furthermore decisive act, the Congress officially issued the Vlore proclamation which marked the formal declaration of Albania’s independence on November 28th.
Albania Independence Day History
During the fifteenth century Albania enjoyed a brief period of independence under the legendary hero, Skanderbeg. Aside from this exception, the country did not enjoy independence until the twentieth century. After five hundred years of Ottoman domination, an independent Albania was proclaimed on the 28 November 1912.
Beginning with late 14th century the Ottoman Turks expanded their empire from Anatolia to the Balkans. By the 15th century, the Turks had brought under subjection nearly all of the Balkan Peninsula except for a small coastal strip which is included in present-day Albania. The Albanians’ resistance to the Turks in the mid-15th century won them acclaim all over Christian Europe. Albania became a symbol of resistance to the Ottoman Turks but suffered an almost continuous state of warfare. One of the most successful resistances against the invading Ottomans, was led by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg from 1443 to 1468. Under a red flag bearing Skanderbeg’s heraldic emblem, an Albanian force of about 30,000 men held off Ottoman campaigns against their lands for twenty-four years.
The leadership of Skanderbeg was invincible, After the death of Skanderbeg, resistance continued until 1478, although with only moderate success. The loyalties and alliances created and nurtured by Skanderbeg faltered and fell apart, and the Ottomans conquered the territory of Albania shortly after the fall of Kruje’s castle. Albania then became part of the Ottoman Empire. This period also saw the rising of semi-autonomous Albanian ruled Pashaliks and Albanians were also an important part of the Ottoman army and Ottoman administration like the case of Köprülü family. Albania would remain a part of the Ottoman Empire as the provinces of Shkodra, Manastir and Yanya until 1912.
Albania Independence Day Customs and Activities
The Empire State has a longstanding tradition of acknowledging significant milestones and events of historic importance to its many citizens of Albanian ancestry. A popular celebration known as “Flag Day” is held annually within the Albanian community as a means of commemorating November 28, 1912 — a significant date in their history as a country and throughout the Albanian Diaspora.
By: Alis

Fossils from the 'Missing Years' in Africa

Researchers say they have identified animal fossils from 27 000 000 years ago in what is now Ethiopia. The remains are from the middle of a time called the "missing years" or the "dark period ." This is because scientists have so little information about the mammals that lived then. The period began 32 million years ago. Africa and Arabia were a single continent, a huge island known as Afro - Arabia. The period ended 24 000 000 years ago, after a land bridge formed with Eurasia.

John Kappelman is an anthropologist at the University of Texas in Austin and leader of the American and Ethiopian search team. Mr Kappelman says 8 000 000 years is a long time to lack information about a continent. He says scientists have only been able to guess what happened to African mammals during that period. The remains found in the Chilga area of Ethiopia offer important evidence.

The remains include teeth, skull pieces and other bones. The scientists found them in a farming area about 2000 meters above sea level, in the highlands of Ethiopia. Satellite pictures helped the researchers decide where to dig. The fossils came from about 70 different digs. The magazine Nature published the findings. The scientists say the fossils come from before large numbers of animals began to arrive in Africa from Europe and Asia. The fossils also show that some animals existed millions of years before scientists had thought.

The researchers found several kinds of ancient proboscideans. These are animals with trunks. Modern elephants are proboscideans. Scientists have long thought elephants began in Africa. They say this discovery proves that theory. The ancestors weighed about 1000 kilograms, a lot smaller than African elephants today.

John Kappelman says the elephant ancestors were one of the few African mammals that survived the invasion of mammals from Eurasia. He says elephants got their start in Africa during the eight - million - year period, and then spread around the world. The researchers also found the remains of an ancient animal with two horns on its head, called the arsinoithere. The scientists were excited, because this is the youngest set of such remains yet discovered. The animal is much larger than its ancestors. Earlier forms were about the size of pigs. But the arsinoithere found at Chilga was about two meters tall and weighed more than two tons.

They were similar to the modern rhinoceros. The two are not related. In fact, scientists thought arsinoitheres had disappeared from the Afro - Arabian continent once rhinos arrived from Eurasia. One researcher says it now appears they did not compete for survival. Scientists say they expect more discoveries to come about the mammals that lived during the so - called missing years.
By : Alis